If we determine that toxic leadership exists at a higher level than we are willing to tolerate and that such leaders can be identified by using tools like multi-rater leader assessments or climate assessments, the next question is, “What should we do to improve?” The solution starts from the top with an executive team oriented to a healthy culture willing to take action to achieve it.
When explaining why such action does not happen more often, I believe that if a company has toxic managers, it is because the culture enables it— knowingly or unknowingly—through nothing more than apathy.